[From instrument to technological medicine; the medal collection of the Dutch Journal of Medicine]. / Van instrument naar technologische geneeskunde.

The Dutch Journal of Medicine holds a unique and comprehensive collection of commemorative medals. In the autumn of 2018, the journal arranged an online exhibition to display an extensive part of the collection and incorporated these objects into a wider historical context. This article presents a description of part ofthe web exhibition. In the light of Willem Einthoven's (1860-1927) work, we argue that around 1900 the first signs of technological medicine were becoming apparent. By focusing on a small number of medals, in this article we describe how the increasing importance of applied technology in medicine is reflected in the self-representation of the medical specialties that were beginning to emerge during the same period.

Imagen y reconocimiento de enfermeras ilustres a través de las monedas del mundo / Imagem e reconhecimiento de enfermeiras ilustres a través das moedas do mundo / Image and recognition of illustrious nurses through world coins

A lo largo de estos últimos años ha surgido un creciente interés por la iconografía, como instrumento para la investigación histórica de la profesión enfermera. Son aún escasos y poco conocidos los que utilizan la Numismática como fuente de estudio para la construcción de la Historia de los Cuidados y de la Enfermería. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo, utilizando una metodología descriptiva y de observación documental, localizar e identificar monedas mundiales donde estén reconocidas la labor y aportaciones a la profesión y a la sociedad de enfermeras ilustres. Se seleccionaron un total de once monedas consideradas relevantes para el presente estudio Se realiza una pequeño relato biográfico de la enfermera que aparece en cada moneda y se realiza la descripción de las mismas aplicando metodología iconográfica. Es necesario continuar identificando, describiendo y contextualizando emisiones numismáticas de interés para el estudio de la Historia de los Cuidados y de la Enfermería (AU)

Nos últimos anos tem havido um interesse crescente na iconografia, como uma ferramenta para a pesquisa histórica da profissão de enfermagem. São escassos e pouco conhecidos aqueles que utilizam Numismática como fonte de estudo para a construção da História de Cuidado e Enfermagem. Este estudo visa, por meio da observação descritiva e documental, localizar e identificar moedas do mundo onde são reconhecidos o trabalho e as contribuições para a profissão e para a sociedade de enfermeiras ilustres. Um total de onze moedas consideradas relevantes foram selecionados para este estudo. Uma pequena história biográfica é feito da enfermeira que aparece em cada moeda e a descrição as mesmas é realizado através da aplicação de metodologia iconográfica. É necessário continuar a identificar, descrever e contextualizar questões numismáticas de interesse para o estudo da história de cuidados e de enfermagem (AU)

Over the last few years there has been a growing interest in iconography as an instrument for the historical research of the Nursing profession. There are still few and little known articles which use Numismatics as a source of study for the construction of the History of Care and Nursing. The present study aims, using a descriptive and documentary observa-tion methodology, to locate and identify world coins in which are appreciated work and contributions to the profession and the society of illustrious nurses. A total of eleven coins considered relevant for the present study were selected. A small biographical account of the nurse that appears in each coin is made and coin description is made applying iconographic methodology. It is necessary to continue identifying, describing and contextualizing nu-mismatic issues of interest for the study of the History of Care and Nursing (AU)

[German Society of Urology Congress, Hamburg and the Presidential Medal]. / DGU-Kongress, Hamburg und die Präsidentenmedaille.

The German Society of Urology (DGU) e. V. meeting has been an integral part of knowledge sharing among national and international experts since 1907. Hamburg was the host city for this meeting nine times (until 2015), including the 47th Annual Meeting of the DGU in 1995 under the presidency of Prof. Dr. U. Jonas (Hannover). As part of the 47th conference, a new insignia in the form of the Presidential Medal was given to the designated successor for the first time. The medal, which is in the form of a chain, was made in a small workshop in Idar-Oberstein, Germany.

Vladimir Petrovich Filatov, uno de los padres del trasplante corneal / Vladimir Petrovich Filatov, one of the fathers of corneal transplant

No disponible

A Review of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) as an Analytical Tool in Numismatic Studies.

Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) as an analytical technique in studies of ancient coins is summarized and reviewed. Specific EDXRF applications in historical studies, in studies of the corrosion of coins, and in studies of the optimal working conditions of some laser-based treatment for the cleaning of coins are described.

Geoffrey Layton Slack OBE (Mil), CBE, TD, BDS DDS, FDSRCS, FDS Glas, FFDRCSI, Dip Bact (1912-1991).

It is with some pride that the author worked in Geoffrey Slack's department from 1963 to 1967 and even retained a working relationship with him after that time. Slack was Professor of Dental Surgery (1959-1976) and later Professor of Community Dental Health (1976-1977) at The London Hospital Medical College, within the University of London. The change in titles came about as a result of recognition of his contribution to developments in public health and community dental care and services, for many of which he was directly responsible. He was Dental Dean from 1965 until 1969. Upon retirement in 1977 he became Emeritus Professor. In addition, he was Dean of the Faculty of Dental Surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons of England from 1974 to 1977.

[The Saint Eligius, his life and work and his traces in numismatics]. / Der Heilige Eligius, sein Leben und Werk und seine Spuren in der Numismatik.

The goldsmith Eligius lived probably from 589 to 660 A. D. and was mint master of the Merovingian royal court in Paris. Some rare gold coins from his workshop have survived. Later Eligius became a priest and died as the Bishop of Noyon. His life was marked by charity, the reason he was canonized and became patron of many artisanal and artistic professions, including the veterinarians and farriers. As a patron of the mint masters his image appears on little medals to control the weight of coins. On modern coins his name can only be found once on a shilling dated 1623 from the Maccagno mint near the Lake Maggiore; however his picture is on numerous medals and pilgrims' plaques as well as on the merit medal from the veterinarians of Quebec.

The origins and manufacture of the Society of Manchester Dental Alumni (SOMANDA) presidential medal.

The construction of the presidential medal of the Manchester Dental Alumni Society is described.

On the origin of Ammon's horn.

INTRODUCTION: Greek and Roman worship of their gods and myths go back to Ancient Egyptian times. Images engraved in Greco-Roman coinage range from references to the assassination of Caesar and legendary stories like the arrival of a snake shaped demi-god Aesculapius to save the Romans from the plague, to invocations of major deities including Apollo the physician or Ammon the protector. DEVELOPMENT: Depicted with the horns of a ram, Ammon was adopted by the Greeks as an epithet of Zeus and later incorporated by the Romans as Jupiter. References to the cult of Ammon appear on tetradrachms minted for Alexander The Great and on provincial Roman coins struck under Claudius. It is thrilling to hold a coin depicting Marcus Aurelius with Salus on the reverse and think that it could have been handed to Galen in payment for his services. However, it is rare to find figures other than rulers on coins and the physician of Pergamum is no exception. Inspired by the Renaissance school of Padua, French anatomists in the Enlightenment (Garengeot in 1742 and Flurant in 1752) continued reviving ancient myths and named the curve-shaped-inner portion of the temporal lobe Ammon's horn. Outstanding scholars who studied this primitive structure of the brain included Lorente de Nó and his mentor Cajal, whose portrait appeared on fifty-pesetas notes issued in 1935. CONCLUSIONS: As primary sources of great archaeological and artistic value, Greco-Roman coins provide information about the origins of the myths and gods of classical antiquity and continue to inspire the arts and sciences to this day.

Silver coins analyses by X-ray fluorescence methods.

The investigation on the differences occurring in the manufacture of silver coins allows to get information on their elemental composition and represents a powerful support to the methodology to identify the producing technologies, workshops being also instrumental to distinguish between original and counterfeit ones. Aim of the present work is to study recent and old silver coins through non-destructive X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis. The XRF was applied to extend the analysis to the deepest layers of the coins; for surface layers an X-ray tube or an electron beam were employed to induce the atom fluorescence to obtain information on the surface elemental composition. Moreover, a detailed study has been performed to evaluate the influence of the surface curvature on the measurement, by deducing a proper corrective factor to keep into account in the data analysis. The elemental atomic composition was measured for each coin, mainly by means of the X-ray tube excitation for the bulk and the electron Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) microbeam probe for the surface patina analysis. Ionization was induced by an X-ray tube using an Ag anode for the bulk and by an electron microprobe for the surface composition. X-ray detection was performed by using a semiconductor Si device cooled by a Peltier system. The Ag L-lines X-ray yield is affected by coin surface morphology and geometry. The comparison between coin spectra and standard samples, shows that the Ag quantitative analysis is influenced by error of the atomic concentration lower that 10%.